Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is diagnosed when a person has consistent blood pressure readings of 140/90 mmHg or higher. When the increase in blood pressure is not due to another disease, such as kidney disorders, it is referred to as essential hypertension and is 90-95% of all hypertensive cases. Essential hypertension itself is compatible with living a long life, but it has the potential to cause complications in the presence of other factors, which can become life threatening.
Complications of chronically high blood pressure include aneurysm, stroke, kidney disease or renal failure, and weakening of the blood vessels in a process called arteriosclerosis. Standard prevention and treatment include reducing sodium intake, exercising for weight maintenance and to reduce obesity, cessation of smoking, and the use of diuretics to reduce water retention.
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